D. Linkage Disequilibrium

1. Awadalla, P. et al. (1999) Linkage disequilibrium and recombination in hominid mitochondrial DNA. Science 286: 2524-2525.

2. Cummins, J. (2001). Mitochondrial DNA and the Y Chromosome: Parallels and Paradoxes. Reprod Fertil Dev. 13/7-8:533-42.

3. Dato, S. et al. (2004) Association of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup J with longevity is population specific. Eur J Hum Genet. 12(12):1080-2.

4. de la Chapelle A: Disease gene mapping in isolated human populations: the example of Finland. J Med Genet 1993, 30:857-865. [PubMed Abstract]

5. Cohn, J.N. (2006). The use of race and ethnicity in medicine: lessons from the African-American Heart Failure Trial. J Law Med Ethics 34/3:552-4.

6. Finnilä, Saara (2000) Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA

7. Detection of mutations in patients with occipital stroke. Available online at Oolu University Library http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514255674/.

8. Goldman, D. et al. (1997). Linkage and Association of a Functional DRD2 Variant [Ser311Cys] and DRD2 Markers to Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Schizophrenia in Southwestern American Indians. Am J Med Genet 74:386-94.

9. Goldstein, D.B., and Weale, M.E. (2001) Population genomics: Linkage disequilibrium holds the key. Curr. Biol 11, R576-579.

10. Goodman RM (1978). Genetic disorders among the Jewish people. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

11. Houshmand, M. et al. (2005). Population screening for association of mitochondrial haplogroups BM, J, K and M with multiple sclerosis: interrelation between haplogroup J and MS in Persian patients. Mult Scler. 11(6):728-30.

12. Hofmann S. et al. (1997). Population Genetics and Disease Susceptibility: Characterization of Central European Haplogroups by mtDNA Gene Mutations, Correlation with D Loop Variants and Association with Disease. Hum Mol Genet 6:1835-46.

13. Kalaydjieva Luba et al. (2001). Genetic studies of the Roma (Gypsies): a review. BMC Medical Genetic s2:5

14. Lee, M.S. and Levin, B.C. (2002) MitoAnalyzer, a computer program and interactive web site to determine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations in human mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrion 1: 321-26.

15. Martino, Tina et al. (1997). Probable identity by descent and discovery of familial relationships by means of a rare beta-thalassemia haplotype. Human Mutation 9:86-87. Classic study of disease also known as Cooley’s or Cooper’s anemia, found among Ashkenazic Jews.

16. Mankuso, M. et al. (2004) Could mitochondrial haplogroups play a role in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Neurosci Lett. 23;371(2-3):158-62.

17. Mattevi, V.S. et al. (2000). Association of the Low-Density Receptor Gene with Obesity in Native American Populations. Hum Genet 106:546-52.

18. Motulsky AG (1995). Jewish diseases and origins. Nat Genet. 9:99-101. [PubMed Abstract]

19. Munakata , K. et al. (2004) Mitochondrial DNA 3644T-->C mutation associated with bipolar disorder. Genomics. 84(6):1041-50.

20. Peltonen L, Jalanko A, Varilo T(1999). Molecular genetics of the Finnish disease heritage. Hum Mol Genet 8:1913-1923. [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text]

21. Renier, P. et al. (1999). mtDNA haplogroup J: a contributing factor of optic neuritis. Eur J Hum Genet. 7(3):404-6.

22. Rybicki, B.S. et al. (2002). The distribution of long range admixture linkage disequilibrium in an African-American population. Hum Hered 53/4:187-96.

23. Van der Walt et al. (2004) Analysis of European mitochondrial haplogroups with Alzheimer disease risk (Neurosci Lett. 365(1):28-32.