haplotype

It is a person's set of values for the markers that have been tested. Two individuals that match on all markers but one, have two distinct haplotypes (one-step mutation). Matching another person’s exact haplotype indicates you are genetic cousins and have a common ancestor. Haplogroups are the branches, and can be either male (based on ancient fathers' Y chromosomes) or female (based on ancient mother's mitochondrial DNA). They are the descents or mega-families that characterized early human migrations. These are normally associated with geographical regions. The origins of male haplotypes are measured in hundreds of years, whereas those of female haplotypes go back thousands. Examples of male haplogroups: R1b (Western Atlantic European), I (northern Europe), J (Jewish, Middle Eastern).

See also Conversion Chart for Male Haplogroups.